Product Description
Linea Research LR-88C20 Dante Eight Channel Installation Amplifier 20,000 Watts RMS
Linea’s 88C Series of eight channel amplifiers are optimised for use in installations. Combining massive power and peerless audio performance with unique DSP, the 88C Series also incorporates many features that ease it’s integration on to both new and legacy systems, the 88C Series represents an unmatched advancement in amplifier technology.
88C Series Features
- Eight channels of sonically pure Class D amplification
- Unique, precise, 96kHz digital signal processing
- Over‐designed switch mode power supply
- 85V to 240V Auto-sensing PSU
- 3,000 to 20,000 watts RMS total output
- Tamperproof front panel
- Ethernet network for system operation and monitoring
- Analogue, AES3 and optional Dante™ / AES67 digital network audio
- Powerful grouping & multi‐layer EQ
- Accepts 48kHz and 96kHz FIR files via System Engineer (certain models)
- Fully designed and engineered in house by Linea Research
- Manufactured in the UK
RMS per channel, all 8 channels driven |
Model |
2 Ohms |
4 Ohms |
8 Ohms |
70/100V |
88C20 |
1500W |
2500W |
1500W |
2500W |
88C10 |
1250W |
1250W |
1250W |
1250W |
88C06 |
750W |
750W |
750W |
750W |
88C03 |
400W |
400W |
400W |
400W |
Linea’s 88C Series of eight channel amplifiers are optimised for use in installations. Combining massive power and peerless audio performance with unique DSP, the 88C Series also incorporates many features that ease it’s integration on to both new and legacy systems, the 88C Series represents an unmatched advancement in amplifier technology.
Sharing the same feature set and form factor as Linea's 44C Series of four channel amplifiers the 88C Series is available in models that develop between 400Watts and 2,500 Watts per channel (up to 5,000 Watts for a bridged pair). Unusually these are not, ‘transient’, ‘burst’ or ‘peak’ power figures, they are the power levels that are delivered by all channels simultaneously even when driven with the same dense program material.
With Linea amplifiers there is no need to ration power between channels, you can use all the power you have paid for all the time. This has been independently verified.
Linea can do this because state of the art components and a finely optimised design results in an amplifier that is between 7% and 10% more efficient than any competitive product. This efficiency gain directly translates in to the generation of about half the wasted energy (heat) which is clearly significant. In addition to reducing energy costs high efficiency results in generous power reserves ensuring that pristine sound quality is maintained even under the most extreme conditions.
Ethernet is used for remote control and monitoring while the tamper proof front panel allows easy verification of the operating status and signal levels. Control via Linea’s intuitive Podware PC application provides many convenient and time saving features such as very flexible management of presets, and Overlay grouping of Mutes, Gains, Delays and EQ across an entire system. Control from 3rd party systems is also possible via TCP/IP, RS232 and RS485 while comprehensive relay and contact closure ports ensure that basic control can be achieved very easily.
The advanced 96kHz DSP is fully integrated into the product and provides an array of unique and genuinely useful features. Because all aspects of the DSP algorithms are designed and hand crafted in house by Linea, they are not available on products from any other manufacturer. For example, LIR linear phase crossover filters which are as easy to use as more conventional filter shapes, and have less latency than FIR filters. Also the powerful VX Limiter suite which sports Peak, RMS and Excursion limiting, as well as multiband limiting for passive 2-way enclosures.
General Specifications
Number of output channels |
Eight |
Total power output, all channels driven |
20,000, 10,000, 6,000 and 3,000 Watts RMS |
Audio inputs |
8x Analogue, 2x AES3 and 8x Dante™ / AES67 (factory fitted option) |
Digital Signal Processing |
High performance 96kHz DSP on all inputs and outputs |
Control, monitoring and system status alarms |
Ethernet network, RS232 & RS485
Volt-free relay and contact closure ports. Heartbeat system health output
|
Power-save modes |
Standby after user defined time with fast wake up on audio
Deep ECO sleep after user defined time with wake up on command
|
System standby and wakeup |
Network command, audio detection & contact closure |
Power Output
Model |
88 C20 |
88 C10 |
88 C06 |
88 C03 |
Power specification |
RMS output power per channel, all channels driven with continuous program material and a nominal ambient temperature of 40ºC / 105ºF |
Crest Factor of 4 (12dB), 2-Ohm nominal load |
1,500W |
1,250W |
750W |
400W |
Crest Factor of 2.8 (9dB), 4-Ohm nominal load |
2,500W |
1,250W |
750W |
400W |
Crest Factor of 2 (6dB), 8-Ohm nominal load |
1,500W |
1,250W |
750W |
400W |
Bridged, per channel pair, 4 or 8-Ohm load |
3,000W / 5,000W |
2,500W |
1,500W |
800W |
100V line (CV) operation, Crest Factor 4 (12dB) |
2,500W |
1,250W |
750W |
400W |
70V line (CV) operation, Crest Factor 4 (12dB) |
1,937W |
1,250W |
750W |
400W |
25V line (CV) operation, Crest Factor 4 (12dB) |
625W |
625W |
485W |
355W |
Audio Performance
Amplifier topology |
Linea Research high performance Class D |
Amplifier modulation scheme |
Low feedback, multiple loop, with feed-forward error correction |
Dynamic range
Measured relative to the amplifier output
|
Analogue input, better than 113dBA typical
AES / Dante™ input, better than 114dBA typical
|
Gain (with all the DSP level controls set to 0dB) |
32dB |
Frequency response, 4 Ohm load |
<7Hz to >30kHz, 4 Ohms, -2.5dB points |
Total harmonic distortion, THD |
<0.05% typical, 1kHz signal, AES17 filter, 4 Ohm load |
Inter-channel crosstalk, worst case combination |
better than -85dBr at 1kHz and -75dBr at 10kHz |
Slew rate |
>60V per microsecond typical |
Damping factor (Ref 8 Ohms) |
>800 at amplifier output (see Linea’s “Damping factor debunked” white paper) |
Maximum analogue input level |
+20dBu |
Analogue input sensitivity range for full output |
0dBu to +20dBu, continuously adjustable |
Analogue input (four channels) |
Input 20k Ohm, electronically balanced, link directly connected to input |
Analogue ground scheme |
AES48 standard compliant |
AES3 input (two audio channels) |
Transformer isolated with unique active cable equalisation for extended range |
AES3 link (two audio channels) |
Active AES3 signal regeneration. Automatic direct bypass to the AES3 input ensuring the audio signal will still flow even when the amplifier is powered down |
AES3 supported sampling rates |
24kHz to 192kHz (auto locking) |
Digital Signal Processing
Resolution |
40 bit, Linea Research proprietary algorithms |
Sample rate |
96kHz throughout |
Physical inputs to DSP drive modules |
8x analogue, 2x AES & 8x Dante™ inputs can be routed to eight DSP drive modules |
Drive module input processing |
Input signal routing, delay, gain, HPF, Phase, Mute
EQ: 2x low shelf, 6x PEQ / band pass and FIR shelving filters
|
Drive module output processing |
Source, delay, gain, Phase, Mute, crossover filters, VX limiters
EQ: low shelf, 8x PEQ / band pass and shelving filters
|
Preset management |
10 snapshots for device wide setup, 50 presets for loudspeaker settings
Presets can be recalled to sets of outputs or individual outputs as required
|
Unique high performance processing |
|
Overlays |
Twelve additional independent overlays of EQ, Delay and Gain
Flexible grouping for effective control of many amplifier channels in large systems
|
Class leading VX limiters |
See the ‘speaker protection systems’ section |
Hardman crossover filters |
Better out of band rejection than Linkwitz-Riley |
LIR crossover filters |
Unique Linear Phase alignments without the compromises of FIR filters |
Power Supply
Topology (main power supply) |
Linea Research high performance Series Resonant |
Topology (auxiliary and standby supplies) |
Low quiescent Eco-Flyback |
Internally stored energy |
>600 Joules |
Nominal mains input voltage range |
85V to 240V, Power supply automatically detects voltage and configures accordingly |
Mains input frequency range |
47Hz to 63Hz |
Mains inrush current (max for <10ms) |
6A at 115V, 12A at 230V |
Protections Systems
Under all circumstances the control and protection systems will endeavour to deliver the maximum power possible for a given set of conditions, applying limiters only in extreme circumstances. Muting will only occur when a dangerous situation is detected, normal operation automatically resuming when the condition clears. |
System protection |
Speaker protection |
Excessive power supply current or amplifier output current |
Sustained clipping prevention |
Excessive temperature per sub system: PSU, amplifier and DSP |
DC offset protection |
Mains voltage within acceptable limits |
Excessive HF energy (VHF) limiter |
Internal power rails producing correct output |
|
Fans operating at correct speed |
VX audio output limiters |
|
Vx provides a linear phase virtual crossover and two limiter paths on each output. This unique system delivers effective protection for systems that incorporate passive crossovers. |
Power distribution protection systems |
Vx Limit Multiband peak limiter, two per output |
Mains inrush current limiting for soft start and anti-surge |
Vx Max Multiband overshoot limiter, two per output |
Mains average current limiting for mains breaker management |
X-Max Driver excursion limiter |
Randomised initialisation when remotely powered up |
T-Max Driver thermal limiter (long term power limiter) |
|
|
Monitoring, measurements recorded against time |
Monitoring, device statistics and counters |
Supply current |
Number of power cycles counted |
Supply voltage |
Number of mains brownout events counted |
Thermal Capacity |
Fan speeds continuously monitored |
Each driver current |
Fan under-speed events counted |
Each driver impedance |
Various protection mute events counted |
Protection limiting for each output |
Driver Impedance continuously monitored |
An inbuilt notification system is provided that indicates problems to remote devices either via the network or the Volt-free changeover relay contacts accessible on the rear panel. |
Physical
Cooling |
Dual vari-speed fans, front to back airflow. Washable, tool-less change filter media. |
Analogue IN and LINK |
Phoenix™ pluggable terminal block (mating plug supplied) |
AES3 IN and LINK |
Phoenix™ pluggable terminal block (mating plug supplied) |
Amplifier output |
Neutrik Speakon™ NL4 connectors |
Mains input connector |
Neutrik 32A Powercon™ |
Dante Primary and Secondary |
2x Shielded RJ45 |
Ethernet network |
Shielded RJ45 |
RS232 and RS485 |
Phoenix™ pluggable terminal block (mating plug supplied) |
Relay, ‘heatbeat’ outputs |
Phoenix™ pluggable terminal block (mating plug supplied) |
Contact closure inputs |
Phoenix™ pluggable terminal block (mating plug supplied) |
Front panel LED indicators |
Per channel - Input level, output level & status |
Enclosure, all models |
Standard 19” 2U (88mm), 357mm (14”) deep with handles and optional rear support |
Net Weight |
12.5kg (27.5 pounds). |
Other Details
Linea Research Limited
Terms and Conditions of Sale
Issue 1.2Linea Research Limited
Terms and Conditions of Sale
Issue 1.2
Effective 1st January 2021
UK Sales
1. Definitions
Except where the context otherwise requires,
“Seller” means Linea Research Limited.
2. Quotations and Acceptance
a) Quotations are valid for thirty days (30) and
represent no obligation until the Seller accepts the
Buyer’s order.
b) The Buyer’s order must be identified with an
order number and must contain sufficient
information to enable the Seller to proceed.
c) No variation of the Seller’s conditions shall be
binding upon the Seller unless and until a duly
authorised person on behalf of the Seller has
accepted the variation in writing. Any conditions
proposed by the Buyer are hereby excluded.
3. Price
a) Prices do not include VAT, or the cost of
delivery or the cost of packaging goods.
b) The Seller reserves the right to increase the
price of the goods agreed to be sold in proportion to
any increase of costs to the Seller between the date
of acceptance of the order and the date of delivery
(including but not by way of limitation those
relating to exchange rates, labour materials,
transport and taxes) or where the increase is due to
any act or default of the Buyer, including the
cancellation by the Buyer of any part of the order.
4. Delivery
a) Any delivery period quoted is an estimate only
and commences from the Seller’s acknowledgement
of the Buyer’s order. Provided the Seller takes all-
reasonable steps to deliver the goods at the time
stated the Seller shall be under no liability for
failure to do so. The Seller excludes liability for
consequential loss or damage suffered but the Buyer
as a result of the late delivery of goods for any
cause whatever.
b) The Seller reserves the right to deliver in more
than one consignment and to invoice each
consignment separately.
c) Delay in delivery or other default in respect of
any instalment of any one or more types of goods
shall no relieve the Buyer of its obligation to accept
any pay for the remaining deliveries.
d) Goods will be packed to the Seller’s normal
specification in non-returnable packaging unless the
Buyer specifies otherwise and the Buyer will be
charged accordingly.
e) The Seller will accept no claim for loss or
damage in transit unless notice in writing is given to
the carrier (if any) and the Seller within four days of
the delivery in the case of damage or in the case of
loss within seven days of the date of the Seller’s
invoice.
f) Delivery and carriage terms are as stated in the
quotation or as subsequently amended by the
Seller’s acknowledgement of the Buyer’s order. If
no terms are agreed delivery is ex-works and
carriage will be charged.
5. Passing of Title and Risk
a) The Seller at all times reserves the legal and
beneficial ownership in the goods sold by it until
payment has been made by the Buyer in full of all
sums owing by the Buyer to the Seller. The Buyer
shall hold the goods as bailee for the Seller but shall
have liberty to transfer ownership of the goods in
the normal course of trading. The proceeds of any
sale of such goods shall be paid into a separate bank
account opened by the Buyer for this purpose and
held for the account of the Seller to be applied first
in payment of all sums due from the Buyer to the
Seller.
b) The Buyer irrevocably appoints the Seller its
attorney for the purposes of perfecting the Seller’s
title to any such proceeds of sale. The Buyer is
expressly prohibited from creating any charge
mortgage, lien or any other like encumbrance
adverse to the Seller’s title. Pending title passing to
the Buyer and at no cost to the Seller the Buyer
shall keep the goods complete, in good condition
and in such manner that they can readily be
identified as the property of the Seller. Without
prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the
Buyer shall additionally mark the goods as the
seller’s property and permit the Seller access to the
Buyer’s premises at all reasonable times without
prior notice to verify this has been done.
c) Until ownership of the goods passes to the
Buyer, the Buyer must not destroy, deface or
obscure any identifying mark or packaging on or
relating to the goods and must keep them insured on
the Seller’s behalf for their full price against all
risks to the reasonable satisfaction of the Seller. On
request the Buyer shall produce the policy of the
insurance to the Seller and hold the proceeds of the
insurance on trust for the Seller and not mix them
with any other money, nor pay the proceeds into an
overdrawn bank account.
d) In the event of non-payment in accordance with
these terms and conditions the Buyer hereby
authorises the Seller, its employees and duly
appointed agents to enter upon the Buyer’s premises
at all reasonable times without prior notice to
repossess any of the goods with such transport as
may be necessary.
e) Risk in the goods shall pass to the Buyer on
delivery thereof, save in the circumstances specified
in paragraph 11.
6. Payment
a) Payment for the goods shall be due not later
than 30 days from the date of invoice. Any
discounts specified by the Seller shall apply only
where payment is so received. Payment shall not be
withheld on account of any claim of the Buyer in
respect of any claim of the Buyer against the Seller.
The Seller reserves the right to charge interest at 2%
per month in respect of any sum outstanding at the
due date.
b) The Seller reserves the right to withdraw any
credit terms and substitute C.W.O. or C.O.D. terms.
c) The Seller reserves the right to suspend
deliveries where any payment from the Buyer
whether in connection with this order or otherwise
is not paid on its due date.
d) No cash or other discount will be allowed unless
specified.
7. Description and Data
a) Goods will be supplied substantially as
described but where the Seller is the manufacturer
the right is reserved to make design changes. Where
the Seller is not the manufacturer goods will be
those supplied to the manufacturer’s current
standard specification and finish provided that any
change does not lower the performance of the
goods, affect their mechanical interchangeability, or
increase their price.
b) The Seller shall make every effort to ensure the
accuracy of technical data or literature relating to
the goods, but the Seller accepts no liability for any
loss, damage or injury (other than death or personal
injury) arising directly of indirectly from any error
or omission in such technical data or literature not
being caused by the gross neglect of the Seller.
8. Guarantee
a) The Seller guarantees that if any of the goods
are found to be defective as a result of faulty design,
materials or workmanship within thirty six months
after delivery and the defects are promptly notified
to the Seller and if requested the defective goods are
returned to the Seller, it will (subject to the
following provisions of this clause) either credit the
Buyer with the price of the goods or at its discretion
repair or replace the goods. The guarantee in respect
of repaired or replaced goods shall terminate at the
end of this original guarantee period. If goods are
found not to be defective or if any defect is
attributable to the Buyer’s design or material they
will be returned to the Buyer at the Buyer’s expense
and a testing charge of up to 15% of the original
invoice price (together will VAT if appropriate) will
be made.
b) In the case of goods not manufactured by the
Seller the liability of the Seller shall be limited to an
amount equal to the net amount (after deduction of
costs) recovered by the Seller in respect of the
defective goods from the manufacturer.
c) The guarantee shall not apply if the goods have
been modified or repaired other than by the Seller or
if they have not been operated, stored under the
conditions and in packaging recommended by the
Seller.
d) The Seller accepts no liability for patent defects
unless notified within 20 days of delivery and the
Buyer must inspect accordingly.
e) Where goods are supplied to the Buyer’s own
specification the Seller gives no warranty that the
goods are fit for the Buyer’s or any other purpose.
f) Because of the varied uses and applications to
which the Buyers put goods sold by the Seller all
liability of the Seller for any consequential loss or
damage (including loss of profit) suffered by the
Buyer arising in any way whatever from the goods
is hereby excluded (save as expressly agreed in
writing or as mandatorily implied by law) and the
Buyer must arrange his own insurance accordingly.
g) Save as specifically set out herein as expressly
agreed in writing or as mandatorily implied by law,
the Seller shall be under no liability in respect of the
quality, condition, description or fitness for purpose
of goods or for loss or damage howsoever caused to
the Buyer or any other person and any term,
condition, or representation to the contrary whether
express or implied by statute, common law or
otherwise expressly excluded.
9. Health and Safety at Work
The Buyer undertakes that it will comply and will
procure that its’ employees, customers and every
other person working with on or near or using the
goods comply in full with the instructions and
recommendations made in any manual or handbook
provided by the manufacturer of the goods and that
they will comply with all other instructions given in
connection with the use or operation of the goods.
10.Force Majeure
a) Neither party shall be liable for breach of the
Agreement if and to the extend that fulfilment of a
term has been prevented, hindered or delayed by
force majeure as defined herein and in such event
the time for fulfilment of the term shall be extended
during the operation of force majeure.
b) The expression ‘force majeure’ shall mean,
strikes, locks-outs, and any event or circumstances
beyond the immediate control of either party
including with out prejudice to the generality of the
foregoing, riots, acts of terrorism, civil commotion,
war, national or international emergency,
destruction or damage due to natural forces, fires,
explosions and compliance with orders or requests
of any national or local authority.
11.Storage
When delivery is delayed for reasons attributable to
the Buyer or its’ Agents, storage and other
additional costs will be charged to the Buyer and the
goods will be at the Buyer’s risk from the date that
the Seller notifies the Buyer that the goods are
available for delivery. The Seller reserves the right
to invoice the goods at the original delivery date,
which shall be the date of commencement of the
guarantee.
12.Intellectual Property
a) The sale of goods and the publication of any
information or technical data relating thereto does
not imply freedom from patent, registered or
unregistered design right, copyright or any other
intellectual property right whatsoever in respect of
any particular application of the goods.
b) The Buyer warrants that the designs and
specifications supplied by it to the Seller will not
involve the infringement of any patent, registered or
unregistered design right copyright or any other
intellectual property right whatsoever in the
manufacture and sale of the goods by the Seller.
c) The Buyer undertakes to indemnify and keep
indemnified the Seller against all royalties, claims,
actions, demands, proceedings, losses and costs in
connection with any infringement or alleged
intellectual property right whatever, in the
manufacture, sales or application of the goods
arising out of or in connection with the matters
described in paragraphs 12a and / or 12b above.
13.Tools and manufacturing equipment
Tools and other manufacturing equipment made for
the manufacture of goods to be supplied under the
contract remain the Seller’s property
notwithstanding that the Buyer may have been
debited with any sum in respect of their cost. Any
intellectual property right whether or not registered
in the tools and/or other manufacturing equipment
and/or in any drawings, sketches, plans,
specifications or tables of data of the said tools r
other manufacturing equipment remains the
property of the Seller.
14.Mouldings and Metalwork
The colour of any plastic moulding or metalwork
delivered by the Seller is subject to variation and the
Buyer shall not be entitled to reject samples, which
comply objectively with the Buyer’s specification,
on subjective or aesthetic grounds.
15.Buyers’ items
Items supplied by the Buyer for the contract shall be
of suitable quality and shall be provided free of
charge in sufficient quantities and at the times
required by the Seller. Any defect in the items
provided by the Buyer shall not entitle the Buyer to
rescind the contract, reject the goods, make
deductions from the contract price or claim damages
in respect of such defect or any resulting defect in
the goods and the Buyer shall indemnify and keep
indemnified the Seller from and against all actions,
demands, claims, proceedings, losses or costs
arising from the supply of defective items by the
Buyer.
16.Origin of Goods
The Seller makes no representation and gives no
warranty in respect of the sources or origin of
manufacture or production of the goods or any part
thereof.
17.Documents
The Seller will supply one invoice and one packing
note for each consignment of goods notwithstanding
that the consignment may comprise more than one
package.
18.Shipping Specifications
Any shipping specifications are approximate only
and the Seller accepts no liability for any freight
incurred if cases exceed the dimensions or gross
weights specified.
19.Cancellation and return of Goods
a) The Buyer may not cancel any order accepted
by the Seller. Except under the guarantee contained
in paragraph 8 no returns are permitted without the
Seller’s previous consent.
b) If the Seller agrees to accept cancellation or part
cancellation of an order, a charge of 15% of the
total order price will be made.
c) If the Seller agrees to accept the returns other
than under the guarantee contain in paragraph 8
they must be returned at the Buyer’s expense in
original condition and if tested by the Seller will be
subject to a minimum charge of 15% of invoice
price together with VAT thereon if applicable.
20.Termination
If the Buyer commits any breach of the terms and
conditions of the contact or suffers distress or
execution or becomes insolvent of commits an act
of bankruptcy or enters into any arrangement or
composition with its’ creditors or goes or is put into
liquidation (other than solely for the amalgamation
or reconstruction while solvent) or if a receiver as
appointed over any part of the Buyer’s business, the
Seller may without prejudice to any rights which
may have accrued or which may accrue to it,
terminate the contract summarily by notice in
writing, stop any goods in transit, and repossess any
goods for which the Buyer has not paid, in
accordance with the provisions of clause 6d (with
the same like rights afforded to the Seller as therein
mentioned).
21.Law
This contract shall be governed and construed in
accordance with English Law and the Buyer
irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of
the Courts of England and Wales.
22.Severance
These conditions shall apply so far as they shall be
held to be lawful or enforceable. If any condition or
part of a condition shall be held to be unlawful or
unenforceable, these conditions shall be read as if
such condition or part were omitted.
23.Rights of Third Parties
A person who is not party to this contract has no
right under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties)
Act 1999 to enforce any term of the contract but this
does not affect any right or remedy of a third party
which is available apart from that Act.
24.Consumer Sales
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 8
hereof, nothing in these Conditions shall limit the
statutory rights of a Buyer dealing as a consumer as
defined by the Consumer Transactions (Restrictions
on Statements) Order 1976 (as amended).
25.Export by the Buyer
a) The Buyer shall not, without prior written
consent of the Seller, export or use the contract
goods or knowingly permit them to be exported or
used outside the country into which they were sold
as stated on the Invoice.
b) The goods purchased may not subsequently be
exported except under the authority of an export
licence obtained by the Buyer.
Export Sales
In any case where goods are ordered for delivery
outside the United Kingdom these conditions shall
apply as varied by the following provisions of this
clause:
All contracts will be construed in accordance with
these conditions. It is the Purchaser’s responsibility
to satisfy itself that the goods comply in all respects
with any laws or regulations applicable to the
interned use.
Clause 4 Delivery, Delete and substitute:
f) Delivery and carriage terms are as stated in the
quotation or as subsequently amended by Seller’s
acknowledgement of the Buyer’s order. If no terms
are agreed delivery is ex works and carriage will be
charged
Clause 5 Title and Risk, Delete and
substitute:
a) Risk in the goods shall be in accordance with
the delivery and carriage terms stated in the Seller’s
acknowledgement of the Buyer’s order. In the event
that such terms shall not determine the moment at
which the risk shall pass it shall pass when the
goods leave the Seller’s premises.
Clause 6 Payment, Delete and substitute:
a) Unless otherwise agreed all payments shall be
made in the UK through an irrevocable Letter of
Credit confirmed by a London Clearing Bank to be
established in favour of the Seller and have validity
equal to the delivery period plus one month. This
Letter of Credit shall permit part shipment and
provide for the release of 100% of the contact value
of each shipment.
b) Unless otherwise stated no cash or other
discount will be allowed.
Clause 7 Description and Data, Delete and
substitute:
b) Where the contract is and International Supply
Contract within the meaning of Section 26 (3)
Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, the restrictions
imposed by that Act on the right to exclude or
restrict liability by reference to a contract term shall
not apply and Clause 7(b) shall read and construed
as if the words ‘(other than death or personal
injury)’ were deleted.
Clause 17 Documents, Delete and
substitute:
The Seller will supply one invoice and one packing
note with copies as required for each consignment
of goods not withstanding that the consignment may
comprise more than one package.
Export and Import Licences
The Buyer shall obtain all import licences and other
necessary authorisations required for the import of
the goods into the country of destination and shall
pay all customs and import duties levied on the
goods outside the United Kingdom. Failure to
obtain any licence or authorisation shall not relieve
the Buyer of the responsibility of paying for the
goods. The contract is conditional on the Seller
obtaining any necessary export licences for the
goods and if the Seller is unable to obtain such
licences it may cancel the contract.
Effective 1st January 2021
UK Sales
1. Definitions
Except where the context otherwise requires,
“Seller” means Linea Research Limited.
2. Quotations and Acceptance
a) Quotations are valid for thirty days (30) and
represent no obligation until the Seller accepts the
Buyer’s order.
b) The Buyer’s order must be identified with an
order number and must contain sufficient
information to enable the Seller to proceed.
c) No variation of the Seller’s conditions shall be
binding upon the Seller unless and until a duly
authorised person on behalf of the Seller has
accepted the variation in writing. Any conditions
proposed by the Buyer are hereby excluded.
3. Price
a) Prices do not include VAT, or the cost of
delivery or the cost of packaging goods.
b) The Seller reserves the right to increase the
price of the goods agreed to be sold in proportion to
any increase of costs to the Seller between the date
of acceptance of the order and the date of delivery
(including but not by way of limitation those
relating to exchange rates, labour materials,
transport and taxes) or where the increase is due to
any act or default of the Buyer, including the
cancellation by the Buyer of any part of the order.
4. Delivery
a) Any delivery period quoted is an estimate only
and commences from the Seller’s acknowledgement
of the Buyer’s order. Provided the Seller takes all-
reasonable steps to deliver the goods at the time
stated the Seller shall be under no liability for
failure to do so. The Seller excludes liability for
consequential loss or damage suffered but the Buyer
as a result of the late delivery of goods for any
cause whatever.
b) The Seller reserves the right to deliver in more
than one consignment and to invoice each
consignment separately.
c) Delay in delivery or other default in respect of
any instalment of any one or more types of goods
shall no relieve the Buyer of its obligation to accept
any pay for the remaining deliveries.
d) Goods will be packed to the Seller’s normal
specification in non-returnable packaging unless the
Buyer specifies otherwise and the Buyer will be
charged accordingly.
e) The Seller will accept no claim for loss or
damage in transit unless notice in writing is given to
the carrier (if any) and the Seller within four days of
the delivery in the case of damage or in the case of
loss within seven days of the date of the Seller’s
invoice.
f) Delivery and carriage terms are as stated in the
quotation or as subsequently amended by the
Seller’s acknowledgement of the Buyer’s order. If
no terms are agreed delivery is ex-works and
carriage will be charged.
5. Passing of Title and Risk
a) The Seller at all times reserves the legal and
beneficial ownership in the goods sold by it until
payment has been made by the Buyer in full of all
sums owing by the Buyer to the Seller. The Buyer
shall hold the goods as bailee for the Seller but shall
have liberty to transfer ownership of the goods in
the normal course of trading. The proceeds of any
sale of such goods shall be paid into a separate bank
account opened by the Buyer for this purpose and
held for the account of the Seller to be applied first
in payment of all sums due from the Buyer to the
Seller.
b) The Buyer irrevocably appoints the Seller its
attorney for the purposes of perfecting the Seller’s
title to any such proceeds of sale. The Buyer is
expressly prohibited from creating any charge
mortgage, lien or any other like encumbrance
adverse to the Seller’s title. Pending title passing to
the Buyer and at no cost to the Seller the Buyer
shall keep the goods complete, in good condition
and in such manner that they can readily be
identified as the property of the Seller. Without
prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the
Buyer shall additionally mark the goods as the
seller’s property and permit the Seller access to the
Buyer’s premises at all reasonable times without
prior notice to verify this has been done.
c) Until ownership of the goods passes to the
Buyer, the Buyer must not destroy, deface or
obscure any identifying mark or packaging on or
relating to the goods and must keep them insured on
the Seller’s behalf for their full price against all
risks to the reasonable satisfaction of the Seller. On
request the Buyer shall produce the policy of the
insurance to the Seller and hold the proceeds of the
insurance on trust for the Seller and not mix them
with any other money, nor pay the proceeds into an
overdrawn bank account.
d) In the event of non-payment in accordance with
these terms and conditions the Buyer hereby
authorises the Seller, its employees and duly
appointed agents to enter upon the Buyer’s premises
at all reasonable times without prior notice to
repossess any of the goods with such transport as
may be necessary.
e) Risk in the goods shall pass to the Buyer on
delivery thereof, save in the circumstances specified
in paragraph 11.
6. Payment
a) Payment for the goods shall be due not later
than 30 days from the date of invoice. Any
discounts specified by the Seller shall apply only
where payment is so received. Payment shall not be
withheld on account of any claim of the Buyer in
respect of any claim of the Buyer against the Seller.
The Seller reserves the right to charge interest at 2%
per month in respect of any sum outstanding at the
due date.
b) The Seller reserves the right to withdraw any
credit terms and substitute C.W.O. or C.O.D. terms.
c) The Seller reserves the right to suspend
deliveries where any payment from the Buyer
whether in connection with this order or otherwise
is not paid on its due date.
d) No cash or other discount will be allowed unless
specified.
7. Description and Data
a) Goods will be supplied substantially as
described but where the Seller is the manufacturer
the right is reserved to make design changes. Where
the Seller is not the manufacturer goods will be
those supplied to the manufacturer’s current
standard specification and finish provided that any
change does not lower the performance of the
goods, affect their mechanical interchangeability, or
increase their price.
b) The Seller shall make every effort to ensure the
accuracy of technical data or literature relating to
the goods, but the Seller accepts no liability for any
loss, damage or injury (other than death or personal
injury) arising directly of indirectly from any error
or omission in such technical data or literature not
being caused by the gross neglect of the Seller.
8. Guarantee
a) The Seller guarantees that if any of the goods
are found to be defective as a result of faulty design,
materials or workmanship within thirty six months
after delivery and the defects are promptly notified
to the Seller and if requested the defective goods are
returned to the Seller, it will (subject to the
following provisions of this clause) either credit the
Buyer with the price of the goods or at its discretion
repair or replace the goods. The guarantee in respect
of repaired or replaced goods shall terminate at the
end of this original guarantee period. If goods are
found not to be defective or if any defect is
attributable to the Buyer’s design or material they
will be returned to the Buyer at the Buyer’s expense
and a testing charge of up to 15% of the original
invoice price (together will VAT if appropriate) will
be made.
b) In the case of goods not manufactured by the
Seller the liability of the Seller shall be limited to an
amount equal to the net amount (after deduction of
costs) recovered by the Seller in respect of the
defective goods from the manufacturer.
c) The guarantee shall not apply if the goods have
been modified or repaired other than by the Seller or
if they have not been operated, stored under the
conditions and in packaging recommended by the
Seller.
d) The Seller accepts no liability for patent defects
unless notified within 20 days of delivery and the
Buyer must inspect accordingly.
e) Where goods are supplied to the Buyer’s own
specification the Seller gives no warranty that the
goods are fit for the Buyer’s or any other purpose.
f) Because of the varied uses and applications to
which the Buyers put goods sold by the Seller all
liability of the Seller for any consequential loss or
damage (including loss of profit) suffered by the
Buyer arising in any way whatever from the goods
is hereby excluded (save as expressly agreed in
writing or as mandatorily implied by law) and the
Buyer must arrange his own insurance accordingly.
g) Save as specifically set out herein as expressly
agreed in writing or as mandatorily implied by law,
the Seller shall be under no liability in respect of the
quality, condition, description or fitness for purpose
of goods or for loss or damage howsoever caused to
the Buyer or any other person and any term,
condition, or representation to the contrary whether
express or implied by statute, common law or
otherwise expressly excluded.
9. Health and Safety at Work
The Buyer undertakes that it will comply and will
procure that its’ employees, customers and every
other person working with on or near or using the
goods comply in full with the instructions and
recommendations made in any manual or handbook
provided by the manufacturer of the goods and that
they will comply with all other instructions given in
connection with the use or operation of the goods.
10.Force Majeure
a) Neither party shall be liable for breach of the
Agreement if and to the extend that fulfilment of a
term has been prevented, hindered or delayed by
force majeure as defined herein and in such event
the time for fulfilment of the term shall be extended
during the operation of force majeure.
b) The expression ‘force majeure’ shall mean,
strikes, locks-outs, and any event or circumstances
beyond the immediate control of either party
including with out prejudice to the generality of the
foregoing, riots, acts of terrorism, civil commotion,
war, national or international emergency,
destruction or damage due to natural forces, fires,
explosions and compliance with orders or requests
of any national or local authority.
11.Storage
When delivery is delayed for reasons attributable to
the Buyer or its’ Agents, storage and other
additional costs will be charged to the Buyer and the
goods will be at the Buyer’s risk from the date that
the Seller notifies the Buyer that the goods are
available for delivery. The Seller reserves the right
to invoice the goods at the original delivery date,
which shall be the date of commencement of the
guarantee.
12.Intellectual Property
a) The sale of goods and the publication of any
information or technical data relating thereto does
not imply freedom from patent, registered or
unregistered design right, copyright or any other
intellectual property right whatsoever in respect of
any particular application of the goods.
b) The Buyer warrants that the designs and
specifications supplied by it to the Seller will not
involve the infringement of any patent, registered or
unregistered design right copyright or any other
intellectual property right whatsoever in the
manufacture and sale of the goods by the Seller.
c) The Buyer undertakes to indemnify and keep
indemnified the Seller against all royalties, claims,
actions, demands, proceedings, losses and costs in
connection with any infringement or alleged
intellectual property right whatever, in the
manufacture, sales or application of the goods
arising out of or in connection with the matters
described in paragraphs 12a and / or 12b above.
13.Tools and manufacturing equipment
Tools and other manufacturing equipment made for
the manufacture of goods to be supplied under the
contract remain the Seller’s property
notwithstanding that the Buyer may have been
debited with any sum in respect of their cost. Any
intellectual property right whether or not registered
in the tools and/or other manufacturing equipment
and/or in any drawings, sketches, plans,
specifications or tables of data of the said tools r
other manufacturing equipment remains the
property of the Seller.
14.Mouldings and Metalwork
The colour of any plastic moulding or metalwork
delivered by the Seller is subject to variation and the
Buyer shall not be entitled to reject samples, which
comply objectively with the Buyer’s specification,
on subjective or aesthetic grounds.
15.Buyers’ items
Items supplied by the Buyer for the contract shall be
of suitable quality and shall be provided free of
charge in sufficient quantities and at the times
required by the Seller. Any defect in the items
provided by the Buyer shall not entitle the Buyer to
rescind the contract, reject the goods, make
deductions from the contract price or claim damages
in respect of such defect or any resulting defect in
the goods and the Buyer shall indemnify and keep
indemnified the Seller from and against all actions,
demands, claims, proceedings, losses or costs
arising from the supply of defective items by the
Buyer.
16.Origin of Goods
The Seller makes no representation and gives no
warranty in respect of the sources or origin of
manufacture or production of the goods or any part
thereof.
17.Documents
The Seller will supply one invoice and one packing
note for each consignment of goods notwithstanding
that the consignment may comprise more than one
package.
18.Shipping Specifications
Any shipping specifications are approximate only
and the Seller accepts no liability for any freight
incurred if cases exceed the dimensions or gross
weights specified.
19.Cancellation and return of Goods
a) The Buyer may not cancel any order accepted
by the Seller. Except under the guarantee contained
in paragraph 8 no returns are permitted without the
Seller’s previous consent.
b) If the Seller agrees to accept cancellation or part
cancellation of an order, a charge of 15% of the
total order price will be made.
c) If the Seller agrees to accept the returns other
than under the guarantee contain in paragraph 8
they must be returned at the Buyer’s expense in
original condition and if tested by the Seller will be
subject to a minimum charge of 15% of invoice
price together with VAT thereon if applicable.
20.Termination
If the Buyer commits any breach of the terms and
conditions of the contact or suffers distress or
execution or becomes insolvent of commits an act
of bankruptcy or enters into any arrangement or
composition with its’ creditors or goes or is put into
liquidation (other than solely for the amalgamation
or reconstruction while solvent) or if a receiver as
appointed over any part of the Buyer’s business, the
Seller may without prejudice to any rights which
may have accrued or which may accrue to it,
terminate the contract summarily by notice in
writing, stop any goods in transit, and repossess any
goods for which the Buyer has not paid, in
accordance with the provisions of clause 6d (with
the same like rights afforded to the Seller as therein
mentioned).
21.Law
This contract shall be governed and construed in
accordance with English Law and the Buyer
irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of
the Courts of England and Wales.
22.Severance
These conditions shall apply so far as they shall be
held to be lawful or enforceable. If any condition or
part of a condition shall be held to be unlawful or
unenforceable, these conditions shall be read as if
such condition or part were omitted.
23.Rights of Third Parties
A person who is not party to this contract has no
right under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties)
Act 1999 to enforce any term of the contract but this
does not affect any right or remedy of a third party
which is available apart from that Act.
24.Consumer Sales
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 8
hereof, nothing in these Conditions shall limit the
statutory rights of a Buyer dealing as a consumer as
defined by the Consumer Transactions (Restrictions
on Statements) Order 1976 (as amended).
25.Export by the Buyer
a) The Buyer shall not, without prior written
consent of the Seller, export or use the contract
goods or knowingly permit them to be exported or
used outside the country into which they were sold
as stated on the Invoice.
b) The goods purchased may not subsequently be
exported except under the authority of an export
licence obtained by the Buyer.
Export Sales
In any case where goods are ordered for delivery
outside the United Kingdom these conditions shall
apply as varied by the following provisions of this
clause:
All contracts will be construed in accordance with
these conditions. It is the Purchaser’s responsibility
to satisfy itself that the goods comply in all respects
with any laws or regulations applicable to the
interned use.
Clause 4 Delivery, Delete and substitute:
f) Delivery and carriage terms are as stated in the
quotation or as subsequently amended by Seller’s
acknowledgement of the Buyer’s order. If no terms
are agreed delivery is ex works and carriage will be
charged
Clause 5 Title and Risk, Delete and
substitute:
a) Risk in the goods shall be in accordance with
the delivery and carriage terms stated in the Seller’s
acknowledgement of the Buyer’s order. In the event
that such terms shall not determine the moment at
which the risk shall pass it shall pass when the
goods leave the Seller’s premises.
Clause 6 Payment, Delete and substitute:
a) Unless otherwise agreed all payments shall be
made in the UK through an irrevocable Letter of
Credit confirmed by a London Clearing Bank to be
established in favour of the Seller and have validity
equal to the delivery period plus one month. This
Letter of Credit shall permit part shipment and
provide for the release of 100% of the contact value
of each shipment.
b) Unless otherwise stated no cash or other
discount will be allowed.
Clause 7 Description and Data, Delete and
substitute:
b) Where the contract is and International Supply
Contract within the meaning of Section 26 (3)
Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, the restrictions
imposed by that Act on the right to exclude or
restrict liability by reference to a contract term shall
not apply and Clause 7(b) shall read and construed
as if the words ‘(other than death or personal
injury)’ were deleted.
Clause 17 Documents, Delete and
substitute:
The Seller will supply one invoice and one packing
note with copies as required for each consignment
of goods not withstanding that the consignment may
comprise more than one package.
Export and Import Licences
The Buyer shall obtain all import licences and other
necessary authorisations required for the import of
the goods into the country of destination and shall
pay all customs and import duties levied on the
goods outside the United Kingdom. Failure to
obtain any licence or authorisation shall not relieve
the Buyer of the responsibility of paying for the
goods. The contract is conditional on the Seller
obtaining any necessary export licences for the
goods and if the Seller is unable to obtain such
licences it may cancel the contract.
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